03.04 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

01. Pituitary Hormones

02. Cell Surface Receptors

03. Steroid Hormone Receptors

04. Hormone Binding Proteins

01.01 Insulin – Diabetes Medications

01.02 Insulin Types and Glycemic Excursions - Diabetes Medications

01.03 Secretagogues and Biguanides – Diabetes Medications

01.04 Metformin-Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors and Thiazolidinediones-Diabetes Medications

01.05 DPP-4 Inhibitors and GLP-1 Analogues – Diabetes Medications

01.06 SGLT2 Inhibitors – Diabetes Medications

01.07 Questions – Diabetes Medications

02.01 Overview – Adrenal Pharmacology

02.02 Mineralocorticoids and Glucocorticoids – Adrenal Pharmacology

02.03 Catecholamines – Adrenal Pharmacology

02.04 Questions and Case Studies – Adrenal Pharmacology

01. Overview – Reproductive Pharmacology

02. Estrogens and Progestins – Reproductive Pharmacology

03. Anti-Estrogens and Antiprogestins – Reproductive Pharmacology

04. Androgens and Antiandrogens

05. Questions and Case Studies – Reproductive Pharmacology

01.01 Control of Adult Male Hormonal Secretion

01.02 Leydig and Sertoli Cells

01.03 Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis

01.04 Hypogonadism

01.05 Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Gonadal (HPG) Axis Differentials

01.06 Male Hypogonadism

02. Gynecomastia

03.01 Erectile Dysfunction and Peyronie-s Disease

03.02 Diagnoses of Reproductive Syndromes and Deficiencies

03.03 Hermaphroditism

03.04 Diagnoses of Reproductive Hormone Disorders– Reproductive Pathology

03.05 Antiandrogen (Androgen Reseptor Antagonists)

01. MiscarriageSpontaneous Abortion

02. Ectopic Pregnancy

03. Placental Abnormalities

04. Preeclampsia

05. Hydatidiform Mole

06. Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (GTD)

01. Benign Cysts

02. Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOS)

03. Ovarian Tumors

04. Types of Ovarian Tumors Epithelial Tumors

05. Types of Ovarian Tumors Endometrioid Tumors

06. Types of Ovarian Tumors Germ Cell Tumors

07. Types of Ovarian Tumors Maturing Teratoma

08. Types of Ovarian Tumors Dysgerminoma

09. Types of Ovarian Tumors Endodermal Sinus Tumor

10. Types of Ovarian Tumors Choriocarcinoma

11. Types of Ovarian Tumors Sex Cord-Stromal Tumors and Granulosa-Theca Tumor

12. Types of Ovarian Tumors Metastatic Ovarian Tumors

01.01 Introduction to Female Reproductive Pathology esp. the Vulva

01.02 Vestibular Glands Bartholin Cyst and Vestibular Adenitis

01.03 Lichen Sclerosus and Lichen Simplex Chronicus

01.04 Condyloma Acuminatum

02. Vaginal Cancer

03.01 Normal Cervix

03.02 Cervical Histology

03.03 Cervical Cancer Pathogenesis

03.04 Cervical Cancer Risk Factors

01.01 Anatomy of the Normal Uterus

01.02 Causes of Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding

01.03 Anovulatory Cycle

01.04 Endometrial Polyp

01.05 Leiomyoma vs. Leiomyosarcoma

01.06 Endometrial Hyperplasia

01.07 Endometrial Adenocarcinoma

01.08 Endometriosis

02.01 Inflammation of the Fallopian Tube

02.02 Tumors and Cysts in the Fallopian Tube

01.01 Introduction to Male Reproductive Pathology

01.02 Penis Disorders Types and Clinical Representation

01.03 Cryptorchidism

01.04 Varicocele

01.05 Testicular Torsion

01.06 Scrotal Mass- Congenital- and Acquired Hydrocele and Spermatocele

02.01 Testicular Cancer

02.02 Types of Germ Cell Tumors (GCT)

02.03 Types of Non Germ Cell Tumors

02.04 Prostatitis (Prostate Infection) Types

01. Candidiasis

02. Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)

03. Trichomonas Vaginalis

04. Gardnerella Vaginalis

05. Treponema Pallidum

06. Types of Syphilis

07. Haemophilus Ducreyi

08. Chlamydia Trachomatis

09. Neisseria Gonorrhea

10. Pelvic Inflammatory Disease

01.01 Osteoporosis Introduction and Causes

01.02 Osteoporosis Risk Factors

01.03 Osteoporosis Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis

01.04 Osteoporosis Treatment and Management

02. Paget's Disease of Bone

01. Overview of Calcium Metabolism Disorders

02.01 Hypercalcemia Definition and Clinical Manifestation

02.02 Hypercalcemia Types and Causes

02.03 Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Effects of Hyperparathyroidism

02.04 Clinical Features of Primary Hyperparathyroidism and Osteitis Fibrosa Cystica

02.05 Management of Primary Hyperparathyroidism

02.06 Secondary Hyperparathyroidism (SHPT) and Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism (THPT)

02.07 Diagnosis of Hypercalcemia and Knowledge Check

02.08 Treatment of Severe Hypercalcemia

03.01 Hypocalcemia Differential Analysis of Causes

03.02 Hypoparathyroidism

03.03 Pseudohypoparathyroidism

03.04 Acute Hypocalcemia

04.01 Vitamin D Deficiency Vitamin D Production and Effects

04.02 Rickets

04.03 Differential Analyses of Vitamin D Dysfunction and Deficiency

04.04 Interpretation of Serum Calcium and Serum Phophate Levels

01.01 Introduction and hypothamalamus - adrenal cortex

01.02 Overview of the Adrenal Gland – Adrenal Cortex

01.03 Cortisol and Aldosterone Synthesis – Adrenal Cortex

01.04 Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone-System (RAAS) – Adrenal Cortex

01.05 Adrenal Incidentalomas – Adrenal Cortex

02.01 Hyperaldosteronism

02.02 Hypoaldosteronism

03.01 Introduction to Cortisol and Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland

03.02 Introduction to Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland

03.03 Screening Tests for Hypercortisolism – Adrenal Gland

03.04 Management of Cushing’s Syndrome – Adrenal Gland

04.01 Adrenal Insufficiency Definition and Etiology

04.02 Waterhouse-Friderichsen Syndrome and Addison-s Disease – Adrenal Insufficiency

04.03 Diagnosis – Adrenal Insufficiency

04.04 Glucocorticoids in Pharmacology – Adrenal Insufficiency

04.05 Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) – Adrenal Insufficiency

05.01 Sympathoadrenal System and Catecholamine – Adrenal Medulla

05.02 Pheochromocytoma – Adrenal Medulla

05.03 Heridity Disorders von - Andrenal Medulla

01.01 Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Thyroid Axis (HPT-Axis)

01.02 Thyroid Hormone Function

01.03 Thyroid Function Tests

02.01 Euthyroid Hyperthyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions

02.02 Euthyroid Hypothyroxinemia – Euthyroid Conditions

02.03 Differential Diagnoses and T3-Resin Uptake – Euthyroid Conditions

03. Thyroglossal Duct Cyst

04.01 Introduction and Graves- Disease - Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

04.02 Graves' Disease Treatment – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

04.03 Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

04.04 Amiodarone Induced Thyroiditis – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

04.05 Thyroid Storm and Subclinical Hyperthyroidism – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

04.06 Differential Diagnoses – Hyperthyroidism (Thyrotoxicosis)

05.01 Introduction – Hypothyroidism

05.02 Hashimoto’s Disease – Hypothyroidism

05.03 Cretinism – Hypothyroidism

05.04 Diagnostic Tests – Hypothyroidism

06. Goiter and Thyroid Nodules

06.01 Thyroid Adenomas and Thyroid Carcinomas

06.02 Types of Thyroid Carcinoma

07. Maternal-Fetal Thyroid Pathology

01.01 Actions of ADH

01.02 Dysregulation of ADH

01.03 Central Diabetes Insipidus

01.04 SIADH Clinical Presentation

01.05 SIADH Diagnosis and Treatment

01.06 Arginine Vasopressin (AVP) Differential Diagnoses

02.01 Cell Types

02.02 Types of Peptide Hormones

02.03 Hypothalamic Hormones

03.01 Hypopituitarism

03.02 Pituitary Apoplexy and Sheehan’s Syndrome

03.03 Pituitary Sellar Masses

03.04 Hyperprolactinemia

03.05 Control of Growth Hormone Release

03.06 Acromegaly (Growth Hormone Excess)

01.01 Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Type 1 (MEN1) – Enteroendocrine Tumors

01.02 Gastrinoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors

01.03 Glucagonoma (Alpha Cell Tumor) – Enteroendocrine Tumors

01.04 VIPoma – Enteroendocrine Tumors

02.01 Endocrine Pancreas and Control of Insulin – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones

02.02 Glucose Homeostasis – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones

02.03 Mechanism of Insulin Action and Types of Metabolism – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones

02.04 Glucagon Actions and Effects from α-Cells – Endocrine Pancreatic Hormones

03.01 Overview of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

03.02 Types of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

03.03 Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

03.05 Secondary Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

03.06 Metabolic Syndrome – Hyperglycemia

03.07 Pathogenesis of Diabetes Mellitus – Hyperglycemia

04.01 Acute and Chronic Diabetes Complications

04.02 Diabetic Ketoacidosis (DKA) – Diabetes Complications

04.03 Hyperosmolar Non-Ketotic State – Diabetes Complications

04.04 Diabetic Retinopathy (Diabetic Eye Disease) – Diabetes Complications

04.05 Diabetic Nephropathy (Diabetic Kidney Disease) – Diabetes Complications

04.06 Diabetic Neuropathy Autonomic Neuropathy – Diabetes Complications

04.07 Diabetes Skin Manifestations Acanthosis Nigricans and Necrobiosis Lipoidica – Diabetes Complications

05.01 Insulin Therapy and Types – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

05.02 Somogyi Effect and Dawn Phenomenon – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

05.03 Treatment of Insulin Overdose – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

05.04 Oral Agents for Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus

05.05 Glucose Monitoring Glucometer and Hemaglobin A1C – Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus